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La tentation
''La tentation'' is a "ballet-opera", a hybrid work in which both singers and dancers play major roles. It was premiered in 1832 in its original five-act form by the Paris Opéra at the Salle Le Peletier. Most of the music was by Fromental Halévy, and the libretto was by Edmond Cavé and Henri Duponchel.〔Smith (2003) p. 102, n. 19〕 The choreography was by Jean Coralli, and the decor by a number of hands including Eduard Bertin, Eugène Lami, Camille Roqueplan and Paul Delaroche.〔Halévy (1832), p. (ii)〕 After the first 29 performances, mostly separate acts were performed (either the first, second, or fourth) in conjunction with another work, although it was occasionally revived in its entirety in 1833, 1834, and 1835. In all, it was given complete 46 times, and as separate acts on 60 occasions.〔Pitou 1990, vol. 3, p. 1310.〕
==Composition history==
The format of ''La tentation'' is unusual, with both singers and dancers taking leading roles. The music for the opera sections was written by Halévy; that for the ballet portions by Halévy and Casimir Gide.〔Halévy (1832), p. (ii)〕 The director of the Opéra, Louis Véron, wrote in his memoirs that, during the cholera epidemic in Paris;
I wished neither to make use of nor to jeopardize any of the important works of the repertory. We ... busied ourselves with ... rehearsals for ''La tentation''. This five-act fairy tale was merely a series of tableaux, of which the chorus and the corps de ballet were the stars. () can always be replaced, and scenery, at least, never falls ill. ''La tentation'' ... was thus a work always in readiness for presentation.〔cited in Smith (2001), p. 35〕
The date of the premiere is given by Marian Smith as 12 March 1832;〔Smith (2003) p. 102, n. 19〕 however the printed libretto gives the date 20 June.〔Halévy (1832), p. (iii). This date is supported by the ''Almanach des Spectacles de 1831 à 1834'', which gives the date as 20 June 1832 on (p. 27 ).〕 The music contains several direct quotations from Beethoven, including from his Fifth Symphony (in the act 2 meeting of the demons) and his ''Pathétique'' sonata.〔Smith(2001), 38〕
On 2 August 1832, Frédéric Chopin wrote to Ferdinand Hiller that "''La tentation'', an opera-ballet by Halévy and Gide, tempted no-one with any good taste, since it is as dull as your German parliament is out of keeping with the spirit of our century".〔(Chopin Institute ) website; the year 1832〕 However, the work was a box-office success and had over 50 performances in its first season,〔Smith(2001), 41〕 and over 50 performances in the next 6 years,〔Jourdan (1994), 40〕 although it does not seem to have been revived since then. The autograph score is in the Bibliothèque de l'Opéra in Paris.〔Smith (2001), p. 53 n. 20〕
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